Applying for SJD in Environmental Law Personal Statement

Applying for SJD in Environmental Law - Personal Statement Example All through my school life, I have consistently strived to keep up a recognized and clean record in law in order to control me well towards accomplishing my fantasy in law. I have additionally demonstrated extraordinary guarantee and likeliness of an amazingly remarkable grant. Additionally, placing into thought my past records and present desire, I have figured out how to show a perfect high potential for effectively finishing the insightful exposition of high required quality true to form of me in this field. These I have figured out how to make sure about as an outline of my ability in effective concentrating of the Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D). Specialist of Juridical Science is a vocation that I trust I have the applicable capacity to seek after. This is a vocation that I need to tough for various reasons. To begin with, I need to utilize my insight and skill to join different researchers and instructors of law in helping my nation. The vocation is one that requires tirel essness and status to perform to the best of one’s capacity. This is a similar degree of aptitude that I need to utilize and through it help my nation. Saudi Arabia requires tenacious individuals and extraordinary researchers who will help train the more youthful law understudies into turning into the individuals they need to be. Without great researchers and educators of law, the current youthful understudies of this nation who might want to seek after related law vocations don't have any expectations of accomplishing their fantasies. I might want to be allowed to help my nation in preparing these youthful understudies. I might want to contribute towards the creation of the following administrators, legal counselors, judges and numerous other law specialists. Saudi Arabia needs more teachers who have practical experience in SJD in ecological law. This has consistently brought a great deal of deficiencies with regards to issues identifying with natural law. Also, if this patt ern proceeds with along these lines, it is awful yet later on; we won't have the option to have enough law experts who have some expertise in ecological law. We, as a nation, thusly need to have more teachers who will separated from train understudies of law who have practical experience in ecological law, additionally help urge other law understudies to join the particular field. I might want to have the chance to help in these. I might want to add to the quantity of teachers who spend significant time in natural law with the goal that we can accentuate a great deal of forte in this field simply like different fields. The prosperity of our condition is urgent to the ordinariness of our nation. Our condition bolsters our life and parities the biological system. The nearness of instructors who represent considerable authority in ecological law will legitimately or by implication help support this area and guarantee its progression. This is likewise why I need to have practical experi ence in natural law. With the goal that utilizing my ability, I can help train different understudies in methods of rehearsing viable natural law. This nation likewise has scarcely any female instructors. To be progressively explicit, there are additionally not many female teachers who represent considerable authority in ecological law. Ladies merit a spot in this calling. We have the right to have more ladies speakers and furthermore a greater amount of those necessities to have practical experience in natural law. Hence, I might want to be allowed to seek after the Doctor of Juridical Science and become an all around educated female educator who will serve her nation will all her insight and aptitude.

Budgeting and Business Planning free essay sample

So as to make the measures for the board of trustees we need to take a gander at what they need from the undertaking. Most organizations and associations are good to go to make a benefit, anyway the panel has various points and targets contrasted with an ordinary business or association. They have to weight up the alternatives of every proposition and choose which best identifies with their points and destinations. At the point when the board of trustees is thinking about which proposition to go with they ought to think about the accompanying classes †¢Short-term Financial Benefits †¢Long-term Financial Benefits †¢Environment †¢Relation to points Transient Financial Benefits The board of trustees needs to consider the transient advantages of every proposition. They dont need to take on a suggestion that has high beginning up costs and doesnt make an arrival on the capital inside the primary year. The council wouldn't like to be left in a high measure of obligation if the proposition fizzles. We will compose a custom article test on Planning and Business Planning or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the event that the council is left with an obligation they will be unable to subsidize different tasks to assist their three points. Long haul Financial Benefits Long haul the proposition will give various results. The panel needs to settle on to what extent they need to keep shed corridor? In the event that they need it as a drawn out resource which can help with their points? Or on the other hand do they need a more drawn out term lucrative plan to help income which can be utilized in territories they as of now control. Condition Shed Hall accompanies a tremendous territory of forest, they needs to think about the consequences for the nearby vegetation and natural life that any proposition could have. They have to think, does it demolish vegetation? Does it sway on untamed life environments? Is their going to be any enduring natural harm? Connection to Aims The board of trustees depends on three principle points. They have to consider these aimsâ in settling on their choice, they cannot be utilizing one proposition on the off chance that it goes carefully against a portion of their essential points. They need to think about their own picture and brand, does a proposition give them a terrible name/picture thinking about their points and destinations? Question 2 Jonathan and Ingrids proposition has some transient money related advantages, in the multi week preliminary run shed lobby turns over a little benefit of  £1,646. At the point when the board takes their proposition in to thought they ought to perceive this point, shed corridor will be of no monetary weight in the transient multi week preliminary. On the off chance that the multi week preliminary is to succeed, at that point shed lobby can have some basic work done costing  £20,000 which would close shed corridor for about a month after the preliminary. The auxiliary changes would build the limit of the site to permit up to 30 visitors to remain at once. As indicated by Jonathan and Ingrid projections of a week by week cost per visitor of  £66 and a week by week charge per visitor of  £150 they are making  £84 benefit per visitor every week. With the auxiliary adjustments and the expansion in limit by 20 visitors. The weeks after the adjustments are done they could make an extra  £1,680 every week, bringing their conceivable week by week complete benefit at full ability to  £2,436 (taking into account one free space, 29 paying clients). In this manner they could legitimize the huge  £20,000 cost on changes as shed lobby would pay for these adjustments in minimal more than about two months. So over the long haul shed lobby could be a gainful venture before the finish of year one. The one disadvantage of this proposition is the loss of the utilization of the minibus at ends of the week, which produced a yearly pay of  £1,040, anyway it tends to be contended that it is presently being put to all the more likely use and that the cash is being recovered from shed lobby. Earn back the original investment point Complete expensesâ £63,880 Weeks until break-even47.3 Visitors until break-even473 As should be obvious from the table above shed corridor should pull in 473 visitors per year to equal the initial investment when they can just hold 10 visitors for every week. Similarly they would need to run for 47.3 weeks a year at full ability to make back the initial investment. This gives them a normal of 9 visitors every week. On the off chance that they were to basically improve shed corridor with the goal that they can hold up to 30 visitors every week then the figures would appear to be unique as appeared in the table beneath. Make back the initial investment Point Absolute Expensesâ £63,880 Weeks until equal the initial investment point14.7 Visitors until equal the initial investment point441 Albeit a comparative measure of visitors is required the measure of weeks at full limit has radically dropped from 47.3 to 14.7. Their normal visitors every week has dropped from 9 to 8. In spite of the fact that this is certainly not a huge drop, in examination they just need to round 8 out of 30 beds contrasted with 9 out of 10 beds in the multi week preliminary. The earth and its security are imperative to the advisory group and are referenced in their principle points. Jonathan and Ingrids proposition helps nature and benefits as much as possible from shed corridor, if a nursery was to be kept at shed lobby the visitor could watch out for this and develop vegetables and reuse squander in a manure, which thus could be re-utilized on the nursery making shed lobby independent and ecologically neighborly. One of the significant points of the advisory group is to help and instruct the youthful. Jonathan and Ingrids proposition does only this, by welcoming youngsters from the encompassing region to come remain and find out about the open country. The visitors will have the option to find out about various untamed life and vegetation living in the shed corridor forest and encompassing regions. The board of trustees needs to consider how the proposition will identify with their own points, with shed lobby turning into a learning community for the youthful the advisory group could advance the great work they are doing to build their gifts income and develop as a trust. Question 3 Winston’s proposition comprises of transforming shed corridor into a quad bicycle track with sumptuous rooms in the house for visitors. In the year one shed lobby will turn over a benefit of  £1,034,283.  £750,000 of this is ensured toward the North West trust for the security of untamed life and the other  £284,283 will go to Winston himself. Shed corridor would be an incredible cash producer for the trust with the ensured pay of  £750,000 adding to the  £800,000 every year they get from nearby gifts and store raisers, boosting their all out income for the year to around  £1,550,000. Long haul shed lobby will turnover comparative sum every year as long as there is no dunk sought after. In the second year when Winston doesn’t have any underlying capital costs he will make an enormous benefit himself of  £402,350. The assets the board will acquire from shed corridor could be utilized in different zones to advance the security of untamed life. Make back the initial investment Point Absolute Expensesâ £1,022,650 Weeks until make back the initial investment point35.9 Visitors until make back the initial investment point538 From the table above we can see the make back the initial investment point for shed lobby under Winston’s proposition. He would should be working at full limit with regards to very nearly 40 weeks per year to earn back the original investment this implies he would need to pull in 538 visitors every year. On normal to make back the initial investment Winston should have 11 visitors per week. In financial terms shed corridor will be an extremely fruitful; anyway a few pieces of the proposition will conflict with the trusts principle points. The trust was set up for the security of untamed life; one point is to ensure nearby natural life and vegetation. To make the quad bicycle track many develop trees should be expelled in the grounds of shed lobby. This will upset a portion of the environments of creatures in the forest. One of the fundamental natural surroundings that could be disturbed is the settling locales of the red kite. The red kite has as of late been re-acquainted in with the United Kingdom after the accomplishment of comparable activities in ribs; the trust completely underpins crafted by the national foundation that accomplished this. The red kite was cleared out in the UK by current cultivating techniques which use pesticides to murder little rodents, which are the fundamental food wellspring of the red kite. The principal point of the Trust is to support cultivating strategies that don’t hurt nearby untamed life and vegetation. They need to consider how the disturbance of the settling locales would think about them on the off chance that they took on Winston’s proposition. It might look terrible likewise with one hand they are supporting crafted by the cause yet they are bringing in cash at the expen se of upsetting nearby settling destinations. Question 4a There are a wide range of measures that to board of trustees can use to gauge the presentation of shed lobby, for example, †¢Monthly money related reports †¢Committee examinations two times per year †¢Variance examination †contrasting planned figures and genuine Variance Analysis The board of trustees could utilize change examination; difference investigation is a correlation of the planned expense of running shed lobby and the genuine expense of running shed corridor. They could check whether the expenses of shed lobby are positive or unfriendly. On the off chance that the outcomes are positive, at that point this implies shed corridor is running at a less expensive expense than they initially planned. In any case on the off chance that the outcomes are unfavorable, at that point this implies the expense of running shed lobby is more than they planned, this could be because of higher food costs or a bigger light and warming bill than first envisioned. Change investigation will give the panel a smart thought of how much contrast there is between their unique arranged financial plan and their real expense. This will be helpful in deciding climate shed corridor is a monetarily reasonable alternative. Month to month Financial Reports The panel could request the supervisor of shed lobby to send them month to month budgetary reports with the goal that they can monitor the exhibition and check whether they are making or loosing cash. They could let the money related reports come in for a couple of months or even up to year. Along these lines they can recognize patterns and high and low seasons. They may find that they have a marginally regular item, as more individuals will need to be outside in the mid year contrasted with the winter. They can al

An assessment of business value of information technology in Literature review

An evaluation of business estimation of data innovation in associations - Literature audit Example There are more motivations to legitimize why it is basic to contribute on Information innovation, albeit other bomb see Information Technology as an undertaking that can pay off after some time (Carlos and Macada, 2012). This conversation will take a gander at the pertinent hypotheses and models on IT business esteems, various perspectives on Information Technology business worth and adequacy and effectiveness of data frameworks to help dynamic. So as to comprehend the adequacy and effectiveness of data frameworks on dynamic a great deal of elements must be placed into thought. Utilizing of specialized effectiveness as an exhibition measure when use of individual logical happens. Data innovation commitments in various nations vary in size from a creation perspective because of increment and abatement of the nations specialized effectiveness. Spending on Information innovation won't improve nations specialized proficiency. Regardless of whether a nation is creating or not, will be not a liable to take a gander at with the end goal for it to improve its specialized productivity in the field of data innovation. Important utilization of speculations and models and great choice makes it workable for a nation to have a proficient and powerful Information innovation. ... Characterizing the substance of innovation, how it changes its connection towards human practices or social structure, and how it develops are tended to by Descriptive speculations. The illustrative hypotheses see that how much power it has in deciding human practices or social structure, and the amount it tends to the degree in which innovation is independent meaningfully. Social development of innovation in association with illustrative methodology expresses that, innovation doesn't really decide human activity; on the opposite it is the human activities that shape innovation. Entertainer arrange hypothesis is likewise important hypothesis in business IT. This hypothesis tends to a heterogeneous system of non-people and people as comparative interrelating entertainers. Innovation acknowledgment model (TAM) is a notable model that identifies with Information innovation use and acknowledgment. This model was initially proposed by Davis in 1986. This hypothetical model has constantly demonstrated to be of incredible assistance since it predicts and clarifies client conduct of data innovation. This model is additionally viewed as a powerful expansion of hypothesis of contemplated activity (TRA) (Heijden, 2000). Its command was to clarify why a client dismisses or acknowledges data innovation by adjusting hypothesis of contemplated activity. By the utilization of innovation acknowledgment model one can menage to get the premise to follow how outer powers impact demeanor, conviction, and expectations to utilize. There are two intellectual convictions that are related with innovation acknowledgment model. These are seen straightforwardness to utilize and saw handiness. As indicated by innovation acknowledgment model, one utilization of an innovation framework is controlled either legitimately or in a roundabout way by the user’s disposition, conduct

Why is it difficult for some people with learning disabilities to socially integrate in wider society - Free Essay Example

Why is it difficult for some people with learning disabilities to socially integrate in wider society? Outline and evaluate some of the ways in which learning disability services can help individuals with learning disabilities realise their dreams of developing friends and relationships with others. Introduction Learning disabilities refer to a group of disorders whereby individuals may display significant difficulties in listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning, mathematical abilities and social skills (Kavanagh Truss, 1988). These individuals find it difficult to socially integrate in wider society (Gresham and Elliot, 1987); this issue will be referred to social functioning in this essay. Indeed, this is a problem; not only does this have consequences for social functioning, but consequences for academic achievement (LaGreca Stone, 1990). Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms that explain the relationship between learning disabilities and social functioning, and the methods used to promote social functioning. Researchers have proposed a number of possible explanations to explain the relationship between learning disabilities and a lack of social functioning. These are social skill deficits (e.g., Bryan, 1991), communicative deficits (e.g., Storey, 2002) and anxiety (e.g., Beauchemin, Hutchins and Patterson, 2008). Individuals with social skill deficits do not have the social skills in their repertoire to interact appropriately with peers (Gresham Elliot, 1987). Individuals with communicative deficits have difficulty communicating with partners, such as proximity, eye contact, expecting the other individual to communicate and to respond sufficiently (Downing, 2005). Whereas social skills may include non-communicative behaviours (e.g., dressing appropriately), communicative skills are solely re lational; that is, the interaction between individuals (Downing, 2005). Furthermore, anxiety refers to the high state of arousal for individuals with learning disabilities, which, in turn impacts on social skills (e.g., Beauchemin et al., 2008). A number of interventions have been designed based on the above potential mechanisms. These are social skills training (e.g., Vaughn, 1985), communicative skills training (e.g., Downing, 2005) and mindfulness meditation (e.g., Beauchemin et al., 2008). Overall, the research suggests that social skills training, communicative skills training and mindfulness meditation offer modest results. These findings suggest these interventions provide little support for helping individuals with learning disabilities to develop friends and relationships. However, these modest effects may be limited to methodological limitations, such as how concepts are defined and measured. These interventions are viewed best as experimental interventions with theo retical structures that need rebuilding. Social skills training There is a consensus in the learning disability research literature that social skill deficits are a defining feature of learning disabilities (e.g., Forness Kavale, 1996; Kavale Mostert, 2004). Social skill deficits may occur because a set of skills has not been learned and therefore cannot be performed (Kavale Mostert, 2004). Social skills training is based on the assumption that if social skills can be taught, learned and performed, social competence will develop. Social competence is an umbrella term, which refers to the perceived adequacy of one’s social functioning (Maag, 2005). For example, as an individual acquires listening skills, they will begin to develop peer acceptance, which, in turn, infers social competence. Social skill training is an increasingly popular intervention used to increase the social competence of individuals with learning disabilities (Kavale Mostert, 2004). Social skills training programmes often involve developing a comprehensive set of skills, such as social problem-solving, expressing feelings, working cooperatively and learning how to listen (Kavale Mostert, 2004). Training is delivered in a range of styles, such as direct instruction, coaching, modeling and prompting (e.g., Combs Slaby, 1978; McIntosh, Vaughn Bennerson, 1995). For example, McIntosh, Vaughn and Bennerson (1995) developed an interpersonal problem-solving intervention, which involves carrying out social tasks between individuals, as opposed to isolation. McIntosh, Vaughn and Bennerson (1995) argue that if social skills are considered in multiple contexts (e.g., parents and peers), it is more likely to deliver long-term benefits (McIntosh, Vaughn Bennerson, 1995). In order to assess whether social skills training should be included in intervention programmes it is important to assess their effectiveness. By effectiveness, this refers to whether it is possible to teach students with learning difficulties social skills so that the y can cope and adapt to the larger social environment (Kavale Mostert, 2004). A number of comprehensive reviews in the research literature of learning disability have investigated the effectiveness of social skills training (e.g., McIntosh, Vaughn Zaragoza, 1991; Sridha Vaughn, 2001). However, the findings of these reviews have been mixed (Kavale Mostert, 2004), therefore offering tentative conclusions (i.e. conclusions that are not certain). This mixed support makes is possible to question the effectiveness of social skills training and whether individuals with learning disabilities can develop friends and relationships with others. Alternatively, meta- analyses have investigated the effectiveness of social skills training (e.g., Kavale Forness, 1995; Forness Kavale, 1996). A meta-analysis is a quantitative research method, which involves the collection of research studies. The conclusion of a meta-analysis is calculated by identifying the common statistical measure shared between studies, such as the effect-size (Cohen, 1988). Meta-analyses are considered the most robust research method as they are a way of achieving the highest statistical power. This means that researchers can be confident with generalising about a certain intervention (Eden, 2002). Kavale and Mostert (2004) conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of social skills training. Findings showed that social skills training had small effects, meaning that social skills training had limited efficacy for developing individuals’ social competence (Kavale Mostert, 2004). Kavale and Mostert (2004) suggest that the small effects associated with social skills training may be due to a number of theoretical and design issues. Perhaps one of the reasons social skills training has small effects is due to how social skills are conceptualised. Indeed, there is a continual debate in the literature over how social skills are defined (Gresham, 1986). For exa mple, some researchers refer to social skills as certain actions used to respond to social tasks (e.g., McFall, 1982). In contrast, other researchers refer to social skills as behaviours that help individuals initiate and maintain relationships and adapt to the larger social environment (e.g., Walker, Colvin Ramsey, 1985). Therefore, if there is a lack of a universal concept surrounding social skills then research studies will evaluate the effectiveness of social skills training in different ways. Another potential explanation as to why social skills training have small effects is related to measurement issues. Indeed, in the learning disability research literature there is a common problem of psychometric issues i.e. the design of quantitative tests (Gresham, 1986). For instance, researchers have identified that there has been a poor rationale for the inclusion of certain items in questionnaires. In addition, items often present poor reliability (i.e., items that produce inconsistent results across consistent conditions) and poor validity (i.e., items selected do not truly measure what they intend to measure). Therefore, if questionnaires to not obtain valid measures of social skills, research studies will find it difficult to show that social skills training works. To overcome these methodological issues, researchers have developed more robust instruments. These are the Social Skills Rating System (Gresham, 1986) and the Walker-McConnell Scale of Social Competence and School Adjustment (Walker McConnell, 1988). However, in Kavale and Mosterts’ (2004) meta-analysis, very few research studies utilised these instruments. A recommendation for future research would be to utilise instruments with good psychometric properties, in order to estimate the true efficacy of social skills training. Communicative skills training Individuals with learning disabilities show deficits in communication. Therefore, researchers have focused on developing individuals’ communicative skills in order to promote communicative competence. Communicative skills training develop these communication skills at job sites, such as employment offices (Storey, 2002). A responsive communicator refers to one who is aware that they are required to wait sufficiently for their partner to finish, before responding with relevant information (Downing, 2005). These communication skills lack in individuals with learning disabilities. This type of intervention is based on the foundation that communication is relational. Indeed, communication is characterised by the interaction between at least two individuals, or more, where there is a sender of a message and a receiver of a message. According to Downing (2005), using communicative partners in interventions is necessary for individuals with learning disabilities to understand the social aspects of communication. Like social skills training, communicative skills training use a variety of methods, such as modelling, role-playing, feedback and problem-solving. Furthermore, communicative skills interventions use reciprocity, facilitation and co-worker support. For example, Lamb, Bibby and Wood (1997) designed a programme, which included peer-communication activities. Participants were presented with publications of communication paradigms. The task required a speaker to describe the illustration to the listener who is then required to draw the illustration. An author supported this interaction. The author demonstrated the task first and provided regulatory strategies such as asking, answering and checking to encourage effective communication. Participants were told that if they would need to use these regulatory strategies in order to complete the tasks. This programme consisted of 12-weekly sessions, which each lasted about an hour. Results showed that by the end of the programme, individuals engaged in these strategies more and became more effective at communicating. This suggests that communicative skills training is an effective intervention used to promote the social functioning of those with learning disabilities. A systematic review carried out by Alwell and Cobb (2009) investigated the effectiveness of communication skills training for the social functioning of individuals with learning disabilities. Findings showed modest support for communicative skills training, suggesting that communicative skills training promote individuals’ social functioning. This systematic review has a number of methodological strengths. First, this review only included studies that had robust methodology, such as high internal validity, high internal reliability, and studies that provided important statistical information, such as effect sizes. Therefore, researchers should have greater confidence that the results are reliab le, at least across educational settings. Nevertheless, although it is a strength that the review only included studies that provided effect sizes, it can also be argued as a limitation. Alwell and Cobb (2009) raise the issue that excluding studies reduces the breadth and depth of the research pool, which, will reduce the quality of the systematic review. Therefore, future research should consider reporting their effect sizes so a larger pool of studies can be included in systematic reviews. Mindfulness Meditation Mindfulness meditation is an alternative approach to other interventions that can also be used to target the social functioning of individuals with learning disabilities (Beauchemin et al., 2008). Mindfulness refers to paying attention to one’s emotions, thoughts and sensations, in the present moment and in a non-judgmental way (Kabat Zinn, 1994). Mindfulness was originally identified as a method for improving mental health and reducing psychological distress (Bishop et al., 2004). However, it is recently becoming recognised as a technique that can be applied to a range of issues. A study conducted by Beauchemin et al. (2008) investigated whether mindfulness-based meditation intervention promoted social skills. The intervention included meditation sessions to be carried out every day, over a period of five weeks. Specifically, students were instructed to focus on their breath as they inhaled the breath and exhaled the breath, in an attempt to achieve a sense of calmn ess. After students had achieved a sense of calmness, students were instructed to mentally note the thoughts and feelings they experienced during the exercise. Students were instructed that if they felt over-involved in their thoughts and emotions that they should identify and acknowledge these experiences in a non-judgmental way. Findings showed that mindfulness meditation had modest results for promoting individuals’ social skills (Beauchemin et al., 2008). This suggests that mindfulness meditation may be a method disability services can use to increase the social functioning of individuals with learning disabilities. This relationship between mindfulness and the improvement of social skills can be partly explained by the cognitive-inference model of disability. The cognitive-inference model of disability suggests that mindfulness meditation reduces anxiety and the self-focus of attention, which, in turn improves social skills (Wine, 1971; 1982). For example, if an individual with learning disabilities is thinking about their competence and negative thoughts, they are likely to experience higher anxiety, which, in turn, will impact on their social functioning. Indeed, mindfulness meditation was significantly associated with a reduction in anxiety, providing support for the cognitive-inference model (Beauchemin et al., 2008). The study conducted by Beauchemin et al. (2008) has a number of strengths. First, the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) developed by Gresham and Elliot (1990) was utilised. This instrument is a self-report instrument, which assesses student, teacher and parent ratings of the individuals’ social skills. The SSRS is a robust instrument, which has demonstrated acceptable internal validity and reliability (Harper, Webb Reynor, 2013). By using instruments that have good psychometric properties, researchers can be more confident about the efficacy that mindfulness meditation has for promoting social competence . However, the generalisability of this study is subject to a number of limitations. First, the study did not utilise a control group (i.e. a group that does not receive the intervention). In experimental studies, control groups often serve as a comparison group, to evaluate interventions. In this instance, a control group was not used, producing threats to internal validity because the researchers cannot be sure that the behavioural changes observed are due to the intervention. Therefore, future research should consider randomly allocating participants to intervention and control conditions to ensure that changes in behaviour can be attributed to the intervention (Harper, Webb Reynor, 2013). There is a robust set of research showing that mindfulness meditation reduces anxiety (e.g., Maags, 2005). However, there is a lack of research demonstrating the long-term effects of mindfulness meditation for promoting social skills (Beauchemin et al., 2008). Longitudinal studies are re quired in order to determine a causal relationship. Future research should consider conducting longitudinal studies in order to investigate the long-term impact mindfulness meditation has for promoting social skills. Conclusion This essay has provided potential explanations to explain the why individuals with learning disabilities find it difficult to socially integrate in wider society. These are social skill deficits (e.g., Bryan, 1991), communicative deficits (e.g., Storey, 2002) and anxiety (e.g., Beauchemin et al., 2008). This essay has also outlined the different ways learning disability services can promote social functioning. These are social skills training (e.g., Vaughn, 1985), communicative skills training (e.g., Downing, 2005) and mindfulness meditation (Beauchemin et al., 2008). This essay also evaluated these interventions based on meta-analyses, systematic reviews and research studies. Overall, the research suggests that social skills training, communicative skills training and mindfulness meditation offer modest results. These findings suggest that these interventions provide little support in promoting the social functioning of individuals with learning disabilities. In light of the importance social functioning has for developing friends and relationships, these results are somewhat disappointing. However, these modest findings are limited to a number of methodological limitations. Some of these include the lack of agreed concepts (e.g., Gresham, 1986), the lack of robust instruments (e.g., Gresham, 1986) and the lack of control groups (e.g., Beauchemin, 2009). Because of these methodological issues, the theoretical structures of these interventions remain incomplete, limiting the efficacy interventions have for social functioning. These interventions are viewed best as experimental interventions, and future research should consider rebuilding them. References Alwell, M., Cobb, B. (2009). Social and communicative interventions and transition outcomes for youth with disabilities. A systematic review. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 32(2), 94-107. Beauchemin, J., Hutchins, T. L., Patterson, F. (2008). Mindfulness meditation may lessen anxiety, promote social skills, and improve academic performance among adolescents with learning disabilities. Complementary Health Practice Review, 13(1), 34-45. Bishop, D. V., Snowling, M. J. (2004). Developmental dyslexia and specific language impairment: Same or different?. Psychological Bulletin, 130(6), 858. Bruck, M. (1986). Social and emotional adjustments of learning disabled children: A review of the issues. In S. J. Ceci (Ed.), Handbook of Cognitive, Social, and Neuropsychological Aspects of Learning Disabilities (pp. 361-380). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Bryan, T. H. (1991). Social problems and learning disabilities. In B.Y.L. Wong (Ed.), Learning About Learning Disa bilities (pp. 195-231). New York: Academic Press. Combs, T. P., Slaby, D. (1978). Social skills training with children. In B. Lahey A. Kazdin (Eds.), Advances in Clinical Child Psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 38-57). New York: Plenum Press. Donahue, M., Pearl, R., Bryan, T. (1983). Communicative competence in learning disabled children. In I. Bialer K. Gadow (Eds.), Advances in Learning and Behavioral Disabilities (Vol. 2, pp. 49-84). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. Downing, J. E. (2005). Teaching Communication Skills to Students With Severe Disabilities (2nd ed.). Baltimore: Paul Brookes. Forness, S., Kavale, K. (1996). Treating social skills deficits in children with learning disabilities: A meta-analysis of the research. Learning Disability Quarterly, 19, 2–13. Gresham, F. M. (1986). Conceptual and definitional issues in the assessment of social skills: Implications for classification and training. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 15, 16-25. Gresham, F. M., Elliott, S. N. (1987). Social skill deficits of learning-disabled students: Issues of definition, classification, and assessment. Reading, Writing, and Learning Disabilities, 3, 131-148. Gresham, F. M., Elliott, S. N. (1990). Social Skills Rating System Manual. Circle Pines, MN:American Guidance Service. Harper, S. K., Webb, T. L., Rayner, K. (2013). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for supporting people with intellectual disabilities: a narrative review. Behavior Modification, 37(3), 431-453. Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Wherever You Go There You Are. New York: Hyperion. Kavale, K., Mostert, M. P. (2004). Social skills interventions for individuals with learning disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 27, 31–43. Kavanagh, J. F., Truss Jr, T. J. (Eds.). (1988). Learning disabilities: Proceedings of the national conference. York Press. McFall, R. (1982). A review and reformulation of the concept of social skills. Behavioral Asse ssment, 4, 1-33. McIntosh, R., Vaughn, S., Bennerson, D. (1995). FAST social skills with a SLAM and a RAP. Teaching Exceptional Children, 27, 37-49. McIntosh, R., Vaughn, S., Zaragoza, N. (1991). A review of social interventions for students with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 24, 451-458. LaGreca, A. M. (1987). Children with learning disabilities: Interpersonal skills and social competence. Journal of Reading, Writing, and Learning Disabilities International, 3, 167-185. LaGreca, A. M., Stone, W. L. (1990). Children with learning disabilities: The role of achievement in the social, personal, and behavioral functioning. In H. L. Swanson B. K. Keogh (Eds.), Learning Disabilities: Theoretical and Research Issues (pp. 333-352). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Lamb, S. J., Bibby, P. A., Wood, D. J. (1997). Promoting the communication skills of children with moderate learning difficulties. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 13(3), 261-278. P earl, R., Donahue, M., Bryan, T. (1986). Social relationships of learning-disabled children. In J. K. Torgesen B. Y. L. Wong (Eds.), Psychological and Educational Perspectives on Learning Disabilities (pp. 193-224). Orlando, FL: Academic Press. Sridhar, D., Vaughn, S. (2001). Social functioning of students with learning disabilities. In D. P. Hallahan B. K. Keogh (Eds.), Research and Global Perspectives in Learning Disabilities: Essays in Honor of William M. Cruickshank (pp. 65-92). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Storey, K. (2002). Strategies for increasing interactions in supported employment settings: An updated review. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 17, 231–237. Vaughn, S. (1985). Why teach social skills to learning disabled students? Journal of Learning Disabilities, 18, 588-591. Walker, H. M., McConnell, S. (1988). Walker-McConnell Scale of Social Competence and School Adjustment. Austin, TX: PRO-ED Wine, J. D. (1971). Test anxiety and direction of at tention. Psychological Bulletin, 76, 92-104. Wine, J. D. (1982). Evaluation anxiety: A cognitive-attentional construct. In H. W. Krohne L. Laux (Eds.), Achievement, Stress and Anxiety (pp. 207-219). New York: Hemisphere.

Why I m For Recreational Use Marijuana - 1062 Words

Throughout history, the perception of marijuana for recreational has been misguided by many. If we look at prior research, compare it to other drugs, some may argue that it is not a dangerous drug, and can be of great use. The purpose of this present discussion is to show an understanding of why I’m for recreational use of marijuana. Secondarily, the goal of this paper is to discuss the argument for and against the utilization of this drug. In this article, assuming the role of the Governor of New York, it would state policies on the recreational use of Marijuana, and how the distribution would work. Keywords: marijuana, legalizing, policies, recreational Why I’m for Recreational Use of Marijuana? The approach to drug use or†¦show more content†¦The purpose of this present discussion is to discuss why as Governor of New York marijuana would be legalized for recreational use. Secondarily, the goal of this paper is to describe the policies on recreational marijuana use and how the distribution would work. Why legalize marijuana for recreational use and how the distribution would work? As the Governor of New York marijuana would be legalized for recreational use for various reasons. According to Anslinger and Cooper (1937), Marijuana derivative of the Indian hemp plant called Cannabis sativa. It was used as a medication to cure depression, hysteria, insanity, and mental retardation (Anslinger Cooper, 1937). Then during the 1800 s the drug was used for other purposes but because it could not be injected it became ineffective (Anslinger Cooper, 1937). Later on in the 1920 s, it was perceived by people in power that marijuana was a minority drug (Anslinger Cooper, 1937). The dangers of marijuana were vigorously exaggerated to discourage new users and persuade current users to cease using the drug (Sifaneck et al., 2015). This was a prevention strategy that was used to scare youth away from using the drug (Sifaneck et al., 2015). Anslinger (2009, as cited in Anslinger Cooper, 1937) indicated that among young people, crimes such as robberies, murders, suicides, and burglary was the results of marijuana use. This statement was very untrue, and marijuana can be very

Various Ways of Segmentation in Marketing †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What is Various Ways of Segmentation in Marketing? Answer: Introducation In marketing, a group of persons with similar needs and wants is referred to as a market. Organizations might have multiple markets which might differ in terms of their needs, demands and wants (Kotler Armstrong,2008). Due to the fact that it is relatively impossible for an organization to successfully satisfy the needs of each consumer, segmentation becomes an important marketing component. Segmentation is the process through which a market is divided into different consumer segments based on certain characteristics. Market segmentation usually precedes target marketing and is quite important for the success of an organization. Organizations use various ways to segment their markets Demographic segmentation Demographic segmentation is the process of differentiating a market based on variables such has age, gender, level of income, household and education. Demographic segmentation is one of the commonly used methods of segmentation. Demographic factors are the major determinants of the amount of money spent by consumes, buying patterns as well as the type of products bought (Lynn, 2011). Geographic segmentation Geographic segmentation is the process through which market segments are separated on the basis of geographical attributes such as a state, nation, neighborhood and region (Booth Coveney,2015).These can usually have an impact on the marketing and promotion channel used as well as the marketing mix of a given product. Demographic segmentation usually differentiates people in terms of Geography. The basic assumption here is that people have different needs based on the geographical area that that they are located in (Hitesh, 2017).Under Geographic segmentation you might find a similar company with operations in two countries with different climatic conditions selling heaters in one country and coolers in the other. Psychographic segmentation Psychographic segmentation separates a market on the basis of their beliefs, attitudes, values and opinions .It also includes factors such as lifestyle. (Hitesh, 2017) observes that Psychographic segmentation has some similarities with behavioral segmentation with the only difference being that unlike behavioral segmentation, psychographic segmentation takes account of the aspects of the buying behavior of the consumer. An automobile company can for example segment its market in terms of consumer interested in luxury practicality and the environment (Lynn, 2011). Behavioral Segmentation Behavioral segmentation separates consumers on the basis of shopping and buying behaviors such as purchase frequency, bard loyalty, media habits, and channel usage. Under behavioral segmentation buyers would be classified as online shoppers or those who buy products from the stores, those who prefer impulse buying and those who do research on a particular product before buying it (Hitesh, 2017).Smartphone market is a good example of a market which has successfully used Behavioral segmentation. With brands like Blackberry targeted for business people, Samsung for android enthusiasts and people who like free applications. On the other hand Apple was launched for premium users with the desire of belonging to a popular niche. Advantages and disadvantages Behavioral segmentation According to (Martin,2012),Among the major advantages of behavioral segmentation is the fact that they allow a business owner or an enterprise to know their customers in detail. Knowing customers specific needs and wants can be important for marketing purposes. It can also be used to increase productivity without much budget. Understanding of the behavior of customers can enable a business owner to know the appropriate advertisements for that particular segment. Behavioral targeting can also be used to anticipate needs and wants current and potential clients There are also a number of disadvantages of the use of Behavioral segmentation. Behavioral segmentation is quite expensive if connected with traditional online marketing tools. This strategy cannot also be used for all products especially those products with mass appeal. In such cases it might not be effective. The method also relies on detailed market analysis which might make the whole process inappropriate (Martin,2012). Geographical segmentation Among the major advantage of geographical segmentation is the fact that it is clear, simple and can b easily understood by all the players. Due to the fact that promotion activities are confined to the boarders of a particular region or nation, the process becomes more simplified, it also removes the need for publications in multiple languages. It can be quite effective for large companies that operate in more than one country or Geographical region as it would enable to consider cultural differences among these regions. It also presents an option for small firms that are not endowed with resources to be able to operate in a defined area effectively(Dolnicar Leisch,2004) argue that Geographic segmentation works well in countries or region that are composed of people with different lifestyles or belonging to different classes across regions. Among the disadvantages of Geographical segmentation is the danger of viewing heterogeneous consumers from a similar geographical region as a homogenous segment which might not be the case. Demographic segmentation Demographic segmentation has numerous advantages which include the fact that the approach is majorly focused on the people who are likely to be interested in a product or a service. The method is also cost effective in that there is no money wasted try to appeal to people on people who would not be interested in the in the given product or service (Kotler,2008). It is also less intrusive unlike other methods. It can also easily be understood by the management as well as the employees. Among the disadvantages would be that in a situation where there were errors in the market research, efforts would be focused on the wrong demography. There is also the risk of alienating people who fall between classes as well as the people who do not belong to that particular demography but would be interested in buying for someone else. Psychographic Segmentation This method presents an opportunity to understand the customer as an individual, which can contribute to the identification of underlying Consumer needs and motives. It is also important in developing promotional campaigns and understanding the reasons as well as what motivates Consumers to purchase particular products and brands. Psychographic segmentation requires extensive market research which can be quite expensive .It is also not suitable for smaller brands or firms because of the related costs. A primary market is market that an organization believes it will reap maximum benefits from it. While a secondary market is second most important consumer segment for an organization Secondary Market. Secondary market is a market that is the second most important for an organization after the primary market. The secondary target market for the Grocery is people within the same location or other parts of Australia with less demand for the companys products. These have been chosen because; apart from Lack of interest with the companys Products they can be potential customer for the grocery in the future (Kotler Keller, 2016). Primary Market The Primary market for Coles Supermarket is the Grocery buyers living around Coles Torch Media, Australia Selection Criteria Geographical location These people are located at close proximity with the grocery which makes is relatively easier for them to access the grocery easily at any time. At such a close proximity this market can be quite resourceful for the grocery since they can easily access the premises to make purchases. Segment size The segment seize of the market is also quite large. The segment is composed of an approximate number of 8,460 Grocery buyers at each location. This population is therefore quite significant and has a possibility of turning g around the fortunes of the grocery. Segment Growth Among the major attributes of this segment is its high growth rate .The segment has been recording a significant growth in the recent times. This therefore shows the great potential that is within the segment. With this the segment is likely to become a bigger reliable market for the grocery. Resources The Company is endowed will sufficient to enable it to compete successfully with other players in this segment for this reason the segment has become an important segment. Distribution channels In this market also it would be relatively easier to access the appropriate distribution channels without the necessity of so much new investments. Positioning Positioning is marketing concept that defines where a companys products stand in relation to the similar products offered by competitors in the market as well how consumers perceive these products. According to (Kartajaya, Kotler Setiawan,2013) positioning is the act of making a given Companys product or brand occupy a unique place in the mind of the target consumer or market. It offers a description of how a brand or product differentiates itself from others in the market and how it is perceived in the customers mind. Good positioning can be very important for the success of an organization giving its products a unique selling point and driving the urge by the consumers to continue using the product. As competition in the corporate world keeps increasing, a good positioning strategy can give a company a competitive edge against its competitors regardless of the price offered against that of the competitors product. A good positioning should allow flexibility of a product with regard to the products advertising, distribution, extension and changes. Good positioning might involve incorporation of distinguishing features in a brand or a product. Grocery has established a brand through the use of place, product, price and promotion. The Grocery has strategically positioned itself in the food industry. The company has for over the last 100 years continued to offer its clients quality products, excellent customer services and creating value for Millions of Australians. The company has stood out as a company that is focused on the sustainability of the future as well as supporting local jobs in its industry and creating of mutual lasting relationships with Aussie farmers. The company has also put more emphasis on its customers and any major undertaking has had the customers in mind (Plunkett,2007). Price Price is the amount of money that is required to possess a certain product or the amount of value that is placed on a given product. Pricing is major position strategy that is used by organizations to enhance their competitiveness the competitiveness of a product or brand is to some extent determined by the price adopted in comparison to the prices set by competitors. Coles supermarket has adopted charging low process for its products compared to its competitors in the food Industry particularly its main rival Woolworth (Murray et al, 2016). The Supermarkets recent pricing strategy has involved permanently cutting down prices for a number of Grocery products in order to attract more customers. Lowering of prices has positioned the company as the best option for many consumers in terms of quality products and fair prices in the Australian market. By positioning itself as a supermarket that is concerned with permanently making affordable its products to its consumers the Supermarket ha s been able to outdo its main rival Woolworths. As a result of fair pieces, the companys sales have significantly grown. Low pricing strategy allows an organization to attract many customers through its wide range of products that can be accessed at lower prices I comparison with the prevailing prices in the market. Lower pricing has enabled the Supermarket to retain its customers. Among the products whose prices the Supermarket has lowered to achieve these targets include rice, tissue, chicken and tooth paste (Booth Coveney,2015). Product The supermarket offers a wide range of fresh products to its customers. Its main products include dairy products, baby products fresh fruits and vegetables, meat, bakery, liquor and Kosher (Armstrong et al,2014). Apart from these the Supermarket also offers its own brands such as BonSurco sugar and graze-grass fed beef. It has positioned itself as the natural food brand in the market. Among its strategies to improve its competitiveness, the supermarket currently concentrates on offering meat that is free from growth promotants; it has also removed pork produced through the use of sow stalls from its shelves. Its major focus is on offering a wide range of products to its customers. By positioning itself as natural food purveyor Coles has been able to improve its competitive edge in the market. Place As part of its distribution strategy, the supermarket reaches out to its users through its more than 2300 outlets. It has also continues to avail its products to more people by opening up more outlets like the 2015 state of the Art supermarket. In the same year also the supermarket opened more 20 new supermarkets. The company also has an online presence through its Coles online Supermarket that allows Consumer to view the various products that it offers at any time and place and be able to place orders. The Supermarket also facilitates delivery of fresh food to various locations (Baker,2016). Promotion Its promotion campaign is majorly centered on the Supermarkets low pricing strategy among the common phrases used in its promotion campaign include cheap groceries, extra value for me and you and why pay more emphasizing the low quality charged by the supermarket on its products. The supermarket also uses promotional schemes during certain times of the year such as Christmas Eve and New Year (Knox Knox, 2015). Reference List Knox, M., Knox, M. (2015). Supermarket monsters: The price of Coles and Woolworths' dominance. Collingwood: Schwartz Publishing Pty, Limited. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P. (2014). Principles of Marketing VS. Sydney: Pearson Education Australia. Murray, P., Murray, P., Poole, D., Jones, G. (2016). Contemporary issues in management and organisational behaviour. South Melbourne, Vic: Thomson Learning. Booth, S., Coveney, J. (2015). Food democracy: From consumer to food citizen. Plunkett, J. W. (2007). Plunkett's Food Industry Almanac 2007: Food Industries Market Research, Statistics, Trends Leading Companies. Plunkett Research Ltd. Kartajaya, H., Kotler, P., Setiawan, I. (2013). Marketing 3.0: From products to customers to the human spirit. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley Kotler, P. (2008). Principles of marketing. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Pearson Education Australia Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2008). Principles of marketing. Harlow: Pearson/Prentice Hall Kotler, P., Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing management. New York : Pearson Lynn, M. (2011). Segmenting and Targeting Your Market: Strategies and Limitations. Hitesh, B. (2017).Types of Market segmentation and how to segment with them?.Marketing 91 Martin, G. (2012). Behavioral Targeting Pros and Cons. Behavioral Targeting Blog Dolnicar, S., Leisch, F. (2004). Geographical or behavioural segmentation? The pros and cons for destination marketing.

Papers For College: You Have The Proper Documents, Why Not Just Mail Them?

Papers For College: You Have The Proper Documents, Why Not Just Mail Them?Papers for college, well that sounds like a very important task to be undertaking. After all you want to make sure that you have all of the proper documents in order so that if you ever do need to get out of school then you can continue your education with ease.Papers for college can be a chore, but there are some things that you can do to make sure that you get them done on time and properly. This is especially true if you have kids at home who need their own papers, but if you have a lot of papers, then it is important that you get them done before the deadline.One way that you can do this is to take all of the documents and place them in one location so that they are easily accessible to the entire class. For example if you have a lot of papers about the president of the company you work for, then placing them in one place will allow all of the students to see them without having to go to each individual stu dent. This can be especially helpful if you have a lot of students, because when they look at their papers you will be able to tell which ones are missing and which ones need to be turned in early.You should also make sure that you have these papers in order prior to the study period even begins. The reason for this is that you want to make sure that you have everything already so that it does not become a problem at the last minute.Another thing that you should do is to make sure that you put all of the papers in the correct folders, and make sure that you are using what is called a 'random draw' method. This method allows you to pick a few and then you get a letter from them that will let you know if your choice is ready to go or not.The only problem with this method is that if you end up throwing out a lot of papers because they are not the ones that you wanted, then you may have to do this for the whole group. It will still be very beneficial to you as you will know that the one that you sent out is not one that your students want, so if you just did the random draw, then you would have to throw out a lot of papers.If you find that this is something that you will be doing a lot, then make sure that you ask your own family if you can use theirs to mail out your papers. Sometimes there will be a problem where they will send your papers in the same envelope as yours, but if you have a trusted family member that is able to handle your papers for college then you might be able to get away with using their paper instead of your own.Papers for college is one of those things that can be very difficult to do on your own. With some extra help and a little planning you can make sure that you have all of the papers that you need to be sent out to your students.